B · Business understanding and domain modeling
Commercial rules
Pricing, revenue share, settlement, and how such rules are expressed.
Classification boundary
Include: Include the representation and mapping of pricing, billing, refunds, revenue share, settlement, and accounting rules.
Choose a neighboring leaf when: Use C market/economic judgment to assess market attractiveness or whether a pricing strategy pays off.
This capability may appear in standards across different stages. Explore stage expectations
28 questions
Choose a group based on the evidence you need. Groups follow existing question formats, not difficulty or mandatory prerequisites. Each batch has up to eight questions.
Concepts and boundaries1
Check concepts, assumptions, and conditions of use.
Questions 1–1
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Judgment and options27
Compare goals, constraints, options, and trade-offs.
Questions 1–8
- A customer buys a bundle and then asks to refund one item. How should the original bundle discount be reallocated?
- A customer cancels before service begins, but the contract, product page, and support system describe the cancellation fee differently. How would you determine the refund and make future orders follow a consistent rule?
- A major customer has a special rate in its contract, but the exception may end at renewal. How would systems and operations avoid keeping the old exception indefinitely?
- A partner prepays credits that expire, and a customer uses or refunds them in several batches around the expiry date. How would you represent credits, consumption, expiry, and refunds in settlement?
- In a system that handles money, how should accounting and billing be designed so the numbers are clear and reconcile? How do you model accounts, entries, holds, settlement, and reconciliation, and how do you trace and correct an error?
- An order may use a membership discount, channel offer, and coupon, with exceptions by product, contract, or region. How would you define eligibility and calculation order so customers see a consistent amount and finance can reconcile refunds?
- The revenue share between a platform and its creators changes in tiers with monthly volume. How would you express this settlement rule so product, engineering, and finance can each verify it independently?
- An enterprise product charges a monthly subscription, overage usage, and a minimum-spend true-up. How would you define billing periods, usage attribution, price effective time, and invoice explanations so a customer can reconcile the charges?
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Questions 9–16
- A promotion increases sales volume, but new customers’ first orders remain unprofitable after discounts, channel fees, and fulfillment costs. How would you isolate the loss and decide whether to change the offer threshold, audience, channel, or stop the promotion?
- A user orders through a channel and later receives a refund, chargeback, or cancellation. How would you define order value, attribution window, and channel cost so marketing analysis and finance settlement can both explain the same outcome?
- A new plan makes more users willing to try the product, but some customers who would have bought a higher-priced plan switch to the cheaper option. What commercial model and observation window would you use to judge whether the plan portfolio creates incremental value?
- Customers upgrade, downgrade, or pause subscriptions mid-cycle, while sales and finance disagree on revenue recognition. How would you express the rules and handle historical invoices?
- A user upgrades mid-cycle and later requests a refund. The contract requires a calculation based on remaining service time, while promotional discounts and taxes also affect settlement. How would you decompose the rules and make the amount calculation traceable?
- A campaign allows each user to claim a discount once, but under high concurrency a user submits from multiple devices and receives several entitlements. How would you map the eligibility rule to atomic reservation, issuance records, and failure compensation?
- Customers pay by API usage, but usage events may be duplicated, arrive late, or be replayed at month-end; sent invoices can lead to disputes. How would you define billable units, deduplication keys, close windows, and corrections?
- Order revenue is shared by a platform, provider, and channel partner. Weeks later, part of the order is refunded; one party has already settled and lacks sufficient balance. How would you express allocation rules, refund responsibility, recovery, and reconciliation state?
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Questions 17–24
- A product offers one free trial, but users may register with another email, share a device with family, or qualify through a partner channel. How would you define the eligible party, exception sources, abuse boundaries, and appeals?
- Customers can apply points to part of an amount and then use a cash coupon; points may be funded by the platform or a partner and some may need restoration after cancellation. How would you separate payment, discount, point liability, and refund rules?
- After a merchant updates a price, an item already in a cart may still show the old amount; a submitted but unpaid order may carry a different commitment. How would you define price locking, effective time, and user notice?
- An enterprise pays per active seat, but some employees share accounts across shifts while others have accounts they never use; the contract does not define “active.” How would you determine the billable entity, activity definition, and dispute evidence?
- An enterprise contract promises response and recovery times and grants service credits when breached; one incident affects several features and crosses a billing period. How would you define timing, impact scope, credit caps, and appeal evidence?
- An order is priced in one currency and paid in another; a refund occurs after the exchange rate changes, and line-item rounding leaves the total off by the smallest currency unit. How would you define rate timing, rounding order, and ownership of the difference?
- A promotion starts at local midnight, services run in UTC, and customers may move regions. How would you represent effective time and handle boundary invoices?
- Last month’s usage arrives this month. The contract bills monthly and paid invoices cannot be silently overwritten. How would you handle adjustments and notification?
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Questions 25–27
- A plan has a free allowance, tiered unit prices, and a monthly cap. An upgrade changes the cap immediately, while the allowance resets monthly. How would you define calculation order and explain the invoice?
- A customer changes plans mid-year. The contract permits partial rollover but forbids stacking discounts. How would you define rollover, reversal, renewal, and invoice transition rules?
- Marketing proposes behavior-based discounts that may raise revenue, but customers can compare offers. How would you define pricing rules, disclosure, and risk monitoring?
No questions in this section match your target. ·
No questions in this capability match your target. ·